8/17/2023 0 Comments Chimpanzee vs gorilla vs humanFor example, adult play rates generally covary with the level of tolerance and social affiliation characterizing the group (ungulates, rodents, canids, primates, ). The short-term adaptive functions of play can be related to the level of cooperation and tolerance of the species considered. If play is fair and cooperative, it can serve to establish social relationships on the contrary, if play is highly unbalanced and competitive, it will be used to improve ranking status. The way the session is built up is predictive of its function (for review ). ![]() Ī play session is the outcome of cooperative and competitive elements that can be measured and quantified. Recent findings on the distribution of play as a function of sex, age, relationship quality, and distribution of power, suggest that play can be shaped according to the social structure and the inter-individual relationships that characterize each group. In many large-brained mammals, including humans, individuals can acquire information about themselves and conspecifics by playing. In species that are characterized by prolonged immaturity and extended parental care, play starts in infancy, peaks during juvenility and decreases at puberty (rodents, lemurs, macaques, chimpanzees, humans, humans, ). It has been demonstrated that play can reduce social anxiety linked to particular contexts such as crowded condition (gorillas, bonobos, ), pre-feeding competition (chimpanzees, bonobos, common marmosets, wolves, ), intra-sexual (sifaka, ) and inter-sexual competition (brown bears, ). However, play has also short-term benefits that are not always obvious to the observer. When we talk about play we immediately think about its long-term benefits, such as motor, cognitive and social skill improvement. In conclusion, our findings on the study groups of apes can be a valuable starting point to expand the study of social play in the great apes to evaluate if inter-individual affiliative relationships really account for the differences in play distribution and dynamics.Ĭompared to ‘serious’ behaviors, whose functions are immediately evident (e.g., sexual behavior, aggressive behavior), play is a difficult behavior to contextualize from both a functional and an operational point of view (for an extensive definition of play see ). Play asymmetry in the gorilla group increased as the number of players increased, which explains why gorillas limited their polyadic playful interactions. Play sessions were more unbalanced (more unidirectional patterns by one of the player towards the other) in chimpanzees than in gorillas but in the latter play escalated more frequently into serious aggression. Polyadic play, which involves more than two players and is characterised by the most uncertain outcome, was also less frequent in gorillas than chimpanzees. Data showed that adult play was less frequent in the group of gorillas compare to chimpanzees. The same observers video-collected and analysed data on play behaviour in both groups, by applying identical methodological procedures. We selected one group of lowland gorillas and one of chimpanzees, hosted at the ZooParc de Beauval (France), managed in a similar way and living in similar enclosures. Via a comparative approach, we tested the hypothesis that play dynamics in a group of lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are different from those in a group of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) as a reflection of their difference in social affiliation and agonistic support. ![]() ![]() Play behaviour reinforces social affiliation in several primate species, including humans.
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